Replacement Class - Cleaning up and Spatial Joins

This notebooks will help me talk through a bit of material regarding spatial data, with some introduction to spatial joins.

Key topics for today:

• Using sf package
• Using tmap package
• Using tidycensus package
• Reminder on joins (focus: left join)
• Our Spatial Data
  • Neighborhoods
  • Joining with non-spatial data
  • Census data
  • Joining with spatial data
• ignore html in git (if time)

Packages

Standards:

library(knitr)

Warning: package ‘knitr’ was built under R version 4.2.1

library(tidyverse)

Warning: package ‘tidyverse’ was built under R version 4.2.1
Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'dbplyr':
  method         from
  print.tbl_lazy     
  print.tbl_sql      

── Attaching packages ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.2 ──
✔ ggplot2 3.3.6      ✔ purrr   0.3.5 
✔ tibble  3.1.8      ✔ dplyr   1.0.10
✔ tidyr   1.2.1      ✔ stringr 1.4.1 
✔ readr   2.1.3      ✔ forcats 0.5.2 

Warning: package ‘ggplot2’ was built under R version 4.2.1
Warning: package ‘tibble’ was built under R version 4.2.1
Warning: package ‘tidyr’ was built under R version 4.2.1
Warning: package ‘readr’ was built under R version 4.2.1
Warning: package ‘purrr’ was built under R version 4.2.1
Warning: package ‘dplyr’ was built under R version 4.2.1
Warning: package ‘stringr’ was built under R version 4.2.1
Warning: package ‘forcats’ was built under R version 4.2.1

── Conflicts ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()

library(janitor)

Warning: package ‘janitor’ was built under R version 4.2.1

Attaching package: ‘janitor’

The following objects are masked from ‘package:stats’:

    chisq.test, fisher.test

library(lubridate) # because we will probably see some dates

Warning: package ‘lubridate’ was built under R version 4.2.1

Attaching package: ‘lubridate’

The following objects are masked from ‘package:base’:

    date, intersect, setdiff, union

library(here) # a package I haven't taught you about before that doesn't do much, but ....

Warning: package ‘here’ was built under R version 4.2.1
here() starts at U:/DS 241/ds241_f22/analysis/work

library(sf)

Warning: package ‘sf’ was built under R version 4.2.2
Linking to GEOS 3.9.3, GDAL 3.5.2, PROJ 8.2.1; sf_use_s2() is TRUE

library(tmap)

Warning: package ‘tmap’ was built under R version 4.2.2
Registered S3 method overwritten by 'htmlwidgets':
  method           from         
  print.htmlwidget tools:rstudio

library(tidycensus)

Warning: package ‘tidycensus’ was built under R version 4.2.2

Some additional packages focused on today’s work:

library(sf) # working with simple features - geospatial
library(tmap)
library(tidycensus)

Informational resources

• An overall resource on mapping in R: https://bookdown.org/nicohahn/making_maps_with_r5/docs/introduction.html
• A starting point to learn about sf: https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/articles/
• Getting started with tmap: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tmap/vignettes/tmap-getstarted.html
• The tidycensus package: https://walker-data.com/tidycensus/index.html
• The book on tidycensus : https://walker-data.com/census-r/index.html

Using the Neighborhood Geospatial Data (using /data)

Our first data source comes from opendata.dc

https://opendata.dc.gov/datasets/DCGIS::dc-health-planning-neighborhoods/about

I will use the GeoJSON file. (Newer, not necessarily better, but … a single file. Not smaller, but … this one is not big.)

Data is easily readable

neigh=st_read(here("DC_Health_Planning_Neighborhoods.geojson")) %>% clean_names()

Reading layer `DC_Health_Planning_Neighborhoods' from data source 
  `U:\DS 241\ds241_f22\analysis\work\DC_Health_Planning_Neighborhoods.geojson' using driver `GeoJSON'
Simple feature collection with 51 features and 8 fields
Geometry type: POLYGON
Dimension:     XY
Bounding box:  xmin: -77.11976 ymin: 38.79165 xmax: -76.9094 ymax: 38.99556
Geodetic CRS:  WGS 84

class(neigh)

[1] "sf"         "data.frame"

plot(neigh)

Reminder - Joins

df1=tibble(fruit=c("apple","banana","cherry"),cost=c(1.5,1.2,2.25))
df2=tibble(fruit=c("apple","apple","cherry","lemon"),
           desert=c("pie","cobbler","cobbler","cheesecake"),
           cal=c(400,430,500,550))
df1

df2

left_join(df1,df2,by="fruit")

Investigating joining spatial and non-spatial data

Covid case information is available from opendatadc:

https://opendata.dc.gov/datasets/DCGIS::dc-covid-19-total-positive-cases-by-neighborhood/about

Read cases information:

df_c=read_csv(here("DC_COVID-19_Total_Positive_Cases_by_Neighborhood.csv")) %>% clean_names() 

Rows: 26372 Columns: 4
── Column specification ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr (2): DATE_REPORTED, NEIGHBORHOOD
dbl (2): OBJECTID, TOTAL_POSITIVES

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

df_cases=df_c %>%
  filter(as_date(date_reported) == "2022-02-22") %>% 
  separate(neighborhood,into=c("code","name"),sep = ":") %>%
  mutate(code=case_when(
    code=="N35" ~"N0",
    TRUE ~ code
  )) %>%
  select(-objectid,-date_reported)

Regular joining (of dataframes)

neigh2=left_join(neigh,df_cases,by=c("code")) 

tmap_mode("view")

tmap mode set to interactive viewing

tm_shape(neigh2) + tm_polygons("total_positives",alpha=.5)

Joining with other spatial data

Let’s get some data using tidycensus. Need an API key https://api.census.gov/data/key_signup.html

census_api_key("00b78ce52463bf386a260d23ec58edb622e6d3ac")

To install your API key for use in future sessions, run this function with `install = TRUE`.

#what variables
v20 = load_variables(2018,"acs5")
# median_family_income="    B06011_001" 
# all "B00001_001"  
#black "B02009_001"

Get some data:

df_cencus=get_acs(geography = "tract",
                  variables=c("median_inc"="B06011_001",
                              "pop"="B01001_001",
                              "pop_black"="B02009_001"),
                  state="DC",geometry=TRUE,year=2018) 

Getting data from the 2014-2018 5-year ACS
Downloading feature geometry from the Census website.  To cache shapefiles for use in future sessions, set `options(tigris_use_cache = TRUE)`.
Using FIPS code '11' for state 'DC'

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class(df_cencus)

[1] "sf"         "data.frame"

plot(df_cencus)

It’s in long format. Let’s make it wide.

df_cens=df_cencus %>% select(-moe) %>% spread(variable,estimate) 

tm_shape(df_cens) +tm_polygons("median_inc",alpha=.5)

  tm_shape(neigh2) +tm_borders(col="blue",lwd=5,alpha=.2)+
  tm_shape(df_cens) +tm_borders(col="red",lwd=1,alpha=.3)

#<<<<<<< HEAD
#df_j=st_join(df_cens,neigh2)
#=======
#df_j=st_join(df_cens,neigh2,prepared=FALSE)
#>>>>>>> aaf01be5cf721819dd2df615aef7a1999bcec0c2

df_cens_adj=df_cens %>% st_transform(4326)

df_j=st_join(df_cens_adj,neigh2,largest=TRUE)

Warning: attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout all geometries

Other order?:

#<<<<<<< HEAD
##df_j_rev = st_join(neigh2,df_cens_adj,largest=TRUE)
#=======
#df_j_rev = st_join(neigh2,df_cens_adj,largest=TRUE)
#>>>>>>> aaf01be5cf721819dd2df615aef7a1999bcec0c2

Since we want the geometry for the NEIGHBORHOODS, we need a to work a little harder:

df1=df_j %>% select(median_inc,pop,pop_black,objectid) %>%
  group_by(objectid) %>%
  summarise(pop_n=sum(pop),
            pop_black_n=sum(pop_black), 
            adj_median_income=sum(pop*median_inc)/pop_n) 

plot(df1)

#df2=left_join(neigh2,df1)

df2=left_join(neigh2,df1 %>% st_set_geometry(NULL))

Joining, by = "objectid"

df2=df2 %>% mutate(black_perc=pop_black_n/pop_n, covid_rate=total_positives/pop_n)
tm_shape(df2)+tm_polygons(c("adj_median_income","covid_rate","black_perc"))

df2 %>% filter(objectid!=30) %>% tm_shape()+tm_polygons(c("adj_median_income","covid_rate","black_perc"),alpha=.4)